Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt

Next came the Persian conquest. Cyrus the Great of Persia marked out Egypt as part of the world he planned to master; but he died before accomplishing that portion of his designs. His son Cambyses advanced against Egypt just as the aged Aahmes died, and the Persians thus encountered a new and untried sovereign, who made little resistance against them. The story of Persia's dominion over Egypt has been already told. It is true that Cambyses and his successors took the title of Pharaoh and that the Egyptian priesthood included them among the dynasties of Egyptian sovereigns. But the Persians held the rank of Pharaoh only as one among their many honors; they dwelt in their own country and ruled Egypt by governors as a conquered country. The long line of independent monarchs who had held the throne of ancient Egypt as their chief glory and their seat of empire vanished with Aahmes. Alexander, the famous Grecian conqueror, won Egypt when he defeated Persia. Indeed, the Egyptians hailed him as a deliverer. He worshipped their gods, accepted the title of "Pharaoh" with solemn respect, and caused Egypt to profit greatly by his favor. He founded the celebrated city of Alexandria at the western mouth of the Nile, naming the city after himself and planning to have it supersede Tyre as the commercial metropolis of all the eastern world. In the division of Alexander's empire among his generals, which followed after his death, Egypt fell to Ptolemy, the son of Lagos. His family, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt as independent monarchs for nearly three centuries, making of it a sort of Greek-Egyptian kingdom. Its fortunes fluctuated, without marked extremes, in the constant struggle for power which occupied the various Greek kings whom Alexander had thus left in control of all the East. This era of the Ptolemies is to be reckoned on the whole as one of the more fortunate periods of Egyptian life. At no time was the Nile valley actually invaded, ... Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt Free Essays on Fall Of Ancient Egypt Next came the Persian conquest. Cyrus the Great of Persia marked out Egypt as part of the world he planned to master; but he died before accomplishing that portion of his designs. His son Cambyses advanced against Egypt just as the aged Aahmes died, and the Persians thus encountered a new and untried sovereign, who made little resistance against them. The story of Persia's dominion over Egypt has been already told. It is true that Cambyses and his successors took the title of Pharaoh and that the Egyptian priesthood included them among the dynasties of Egyptian sovereigns. But the Persians held the rank of Pharaoh only as one among their many honors; they dwelt in their own country and ruled Egypt by governors as a conquered country. The long line of independent monarchs who had held the throne of ancient Egypt as their chief glory and their seat of empire vanished with Aahmes. Alexander, the famous Grecian conqueror, won Egypt when he defeated Persia. Indeed, the Egyptians hailed him as a deliverer. He worshipped their gods, accepted the title of "Pharaoh" with solemn respect, and caused Egypt to profit greatly by his favor. He founded the celebrated city of Alexandria at the western mouth of the Nile, naming the city after himself and planning to have it supersede Tyre as the commercial metropolis of all the eastern world. In the division of Alexander's empire among his generals, which followed after his death, Egypt fell to Ptolemy, the son of Lagos. His family, the Ptolemies, ruled Egypt as independent monarchs for nearly three centuries, making of it a sort of Greek-Egyptian kingdom. Its fortunes fluctuated, without marked extremes, in the constant struggle for power which occupied the various Greek kings whom Alexander had thus left in control of all the East. This era of the Ptolemies is to be reckoned on the whole as one of the more fortunate periods of Egyptian life. At no time was the Nile valley actually invaded, ...

The Lottery by Marjorie Barnard †Short Stories

The Lottery by Marjorie Barnard – Short Stories Free Online Research Papers The Lottery by Marjorie Barnard Short Stories â€Å"Discuss the way the discourse of the story enables the reader to understand the relative power and the roles of men and women in society.† The Lottery by Marjorie Barnard tells the story of Ted and Grace Bilborough set in either Australia or New Zealand in the post depression years of the 1930’s. This short story is able to compare the major differences between male and female genders and the effects of a patriarchal society on these two characters lives. By analysing this short story in the modern day we are able to realise just how marginalised, poorly treated and represented females are in the story and society and the complete power that men possessed in the 1930’s. We are able to recognise how women are silenced and how marginalised they are, even in their own marriages. In the beginning of the text The Lottery we learn about the character Ted Bilborough who is a very dull and boring male, who lacks any emotion. He is very concerned about his social status and the way he is perceived by others particularly among his fellow men. He is seen by others as being ‘a good citizen, a good husband and a good father.’ Ted does anything to keep up his appearance of being an all round good ‘chap’; never refusing to ‘wheel the perambulator’ in fact he quite happily ‘flourished the perambulator’. Teds appearance to others and his social status are very important to him and this helps the reader to understand men of the 1930’s through the way they are represented as controlling and self obsessed. Typical of the patriarchal system of the 1930’s that is, a male dominated society. Although perceived by others as a good husband, Ted is very far from it, showing no interest in his wife or her needs or helping her with any form of domestic duties. Ted doesn’t acknowledge anything that his wife does. ‘All she had to do was stay at home and look after the house and children. Nothing much in that. ’He sees the work that Grace does as invisible work. Her work is unimportant. The ideology of a housewife is that she is expected to do such things; it wasn’t real physical labour or important work. Females’ work doesn’t compare or come close to that of males. This is what is said to be believed and followed in the 1930’s. When Ted realises that he doesn’t know what the other men are talking about he feels his assurance threatened. Ted believes showing any sign of weakness is unmanly and instead assumes a ‘hard boiled manner’ to seem naive and unaware of what is going on around him, so that he always maintains control. He keeps a cool manner as to act un- fazed. To show any emotion would be a form of male weakness. Although Grace is the one who has won the money, he dismisses this idea. ‘He’d always expected in a trusting sort of way to be rewarded, but not through Grace.’ Ted straight away assumes and thinks it’s his money to spend, as does his male companions. ‘What are you going to do with it, Ted?’ All his thoughts now dwell around how Grace was able to buy the lottery ticket and win the money. It becomes an annoying trait of his character how obsessed he is by the money. Ted throughout the text keeps dwelling on the idea of how Grace could have possibly found the ‘five and threes’ to buy a lottery ticket. All the details revolve around money and how his wife could have possibly found enough money from the limited household allowance to buy a lottery ticket ‘When you budgeted as carefully as they did there wasn’t five and three pence over.’ Ted also finds the concept of Grace having anything of her own money hard to believe. His wife shouldn’t have money to spend on herself because that money should be going towards the house. If Grace had any money left over that would mean Ted had been giving her too much for the housekeeping. It was typical of men of that generation to control the purse strings. As the bread winners they dispensed money to their wives, an allowance as it were for their domestic duties. For the first time Ted finally was forced to acknowledge all that his wife does around the house. Fleetingly he thinks of the things that Grace does around the home. She always had ‘newly washed trousers for him laid out for tennis, the children’s neatness, the tidy house.’ But he only took interest because Grace now finally had something of her own. Ted was faced with the fact that she now had money, something of her very own that he had not provided. Ted assumes and straight away thinks that Grace had deceitfully spent his money on lottery tickets. He would never have assumed that Grace would have found the money from selling her mother’s ring. Ted does not know his wife at all, and is unaware of her feelings or what she does in a day. ‘He remembered charitably that she had always been a good wife to him.’ He completely doesn’t understand her life; Ted is portrayed as a hegemonic. As long as Grace did what Ted expected of her, to take care of all the domestic duties then Ted was not concerned. The way in which the story is told in the third person helps us to fully understand and get to know Ted Bilborough. We believe that Ted is the central character as there is only slight reference to his wife Grace. The reader feels as though he is the most significant figure, because he possesses social and economic power. Having the financial independence allows him to be in total control. The authors more focused and fuller portrayal of Teds character at the expense of the lesser and marginalised character of Grace is a successful and deliberate technique the author uses to parallel the male and female gender roles of the wider society of that time. These stereotypical characters portray the beliefs of the society in the 1930’s.The power source and bread winner Ted, manages the money, he goes to work, he has companions and socialises, plays leisurely sports and he dictates how the money is spent, giving his wife a household allowance. We learn about the leisurely activities a nd the worldly life that Ted lives. He gets to enjoy a social game of tennis, goes to work and socialises with companions other than children. These are things which his wife Grace misses out on, she isn’t given any opportunities to do so because she is the domestic housewife who doesn’t venture past the house and lives a static life. Because Grace is not in paid employment she has nothing of her own, this therefore reinforces the idea that she and her opinions do not matter. Women of that era were seen as appendages of their husbands. What the reader comes to understand about Grace is only from what we hear about her from Ted, She is ‘Mrs Bilborough’. Ted being the dominant character was not ready for the idea that his wife might actually take the money for herself. That Grace might actually take control and take some form of power over her husband. She now has money which is a symbol of male control; she is no longer dependant on her husband because she has gained financial independence. The patriarchal ideology of the 1930’s, the males being the dominant power figures is evident in the story from the way that females characters live a very controlled and closed life. In the 1930’s Grace would have been seen as a particularly horrible wife and mother, abandoning her husband and children for a selfish life. But by reading the story in the modern day we have a different approach to Graces character and the reasons why she called her ticket ‘The Last Hope’. We see the life that Grace was living was unbearable and dull. She didn’t feel equal in her marriage and felt stifled. Her marriage was a paternalistic relationship where by Ted treated her like a child, more like his daughter rather than his wife. This ‘Last Hope’ is her last chance, because Grace feels unfulfilled in her current life. This was her last chance for freedom and independence her last chance for a better life. For the 1930’s Grace would have been see n as a very shocking woman. Not only because she was planning to take off ,but in view of the fact that this was just after the Depression, her lack of putting the money away for her children’s future or some other conservative way of spending the money would have been seen as particularly selfish and foolhardy. But ‘Grace had character, trust her to handle a couple of cub reporters’ and this is her way of discovering herself again. The relationship between Ted and Grace and the general discourse of the story clearly identifies the different roles of men and women and the way they behaved in the patriarchal society of the 1930’s.It was considered that the mans role was to be the provider and the women’s role to be the housekeeper. Men are seen as the logical, rational, stoic, authority figures that have complete control not only of their children but equally their wives. This typical scenario would have gone on indefinitely if it had not been for Graces lottery win which changed the dynamics of the relationship. This change in dynamics also changed and diminished the binary opposition to a point where Grace almost became equal and was able to exercise some dominance in the relationship. 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Analysis of coca cola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of coca cola - Essay Example The vision aims at creating great workplace, nurturing networks with partners, improving productivity, maximising return to shareowners while ensuring corporate responsibility in order to build sustainable communities (Kozami, 2005). Stakeholder is any person or group who can affect or is affected by the actions of an organization. Primary stakeholders continuously participate in the organization while secondary stakeholders do not engage directly with the organization, but they either influence or are affected by the organization (Srivastava & Verma, 2012). Primary stakeholders are impacted either positively or negatively by the decisions of the management while the secondary stakeholders play an intermediary role, but are positively affected by the outcome of managerial decisions. Stakeholder analysis enables companies to identity the changing interests of stakeholders, identify the potential risks and implement measures that will satisfy the stakeholders’ needs (Srivastava & Verma, 2012). The analysis will identify the actual and potential conflict of interests and relationships among several stakeholders. Shareholders- These are primary stakeholders since they are the owners of the companies by virtue of contributing capital (Srivastava & Verma, 2012). They have a direct interest in the company and are interested in receiving acceptable return of their investment through dividend payments and appreciation of their share values (Kozami, 2005). Coca Cola is committed to ensuring high profitability in order to maximize the return to shareholders. Customers- these are primary stakeholders since they create demand for company products and their actions will influence the revenues and profitability of the company. The customers are interested in receiving value-added and high quality products at fair prices (Srivastava & Verma, 2012). Coca Cola Company must offer high quality products and ensure customer convenience in order to

Five greatest U.S. presidents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Five greatest U.S. presidents - Essay Example Such a benchmark should enable one to determine varying degrees of greatness based on the extent to which each President under consideration meets or exceeds it. For purposes of this study, which purports to rank the five greatest Presidents in the history of the United States, greatness is defined as having had a direct impact on setting the course of America toward what it is today. In other words, the greatest Presidents are those without whom America would not have become the country it has become. These leaders each fundamentally altered the course of evolution of America, for better or worse, and thereby have heavily influenced present-day American life by way of their leadership. This being a top-five list out of forty-three possible choices, it need not imply that those who did not make the list were not great Presidents. Rather, the following five American Presidents were arguably the most influential in shaping America of all of the greatest and most influential leaders in American history, of which there were surely more than five. They are, in order of greatness: Franklin Roosevelt, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Harry Truman, and Bill Clinton. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was arguably the greatest American President in history. ... me and abroad, much less did so as effectively and with such positive results and while suffering from the effects of a ravaging disease (Coggan, 2003). Roosevelt led the nation with such a firmness of purpose and confident assurance that he was able to rally and inspire Americans to sacrifice in the name of a greater good for as long as it would take to achieve victory. The Great Depression was Roosevelt's first great test. Never before had the nation known such economic despair, nor lost confidence to such an extent in America's capitalist underpinnings. For the first time, the unfettered marketplace rolled over to reveal its vulnerable underbelly, and it was shocking to see how exposed it was. By the time Roosevelt entered the Oval Office, America was in the midst of a full-blown crisis that threatened its very fabric. Roosevelt reassured the nation through his "Fireside Chats" in a way that no previous President had ever before communicated with the country. He quickly went to work to craft and implement legislation that reestablished confidence in America's stock market, banking system and other capitalist institutions. He established public works programs that reemployed hundreds of thousands of laid off workers. Further, he Americanized the concept of social welfare with programs such as Social Security that peacefully coexisted with a free ma rket system. Roosevelt also led America into World War II, delivering one of the most inspirational rallying speeches in American history in the wake of the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. His leadership was largely responsible for the Allied victory, and catapulted America toward its Post War Superpower status that it still retains to this day. Roosevelt essentially led the world in its greatest struggle against evil and

Discuss the various ways which Robert Swindells presents life in The streets of London Essay Example for Free

Discuss the various ways which Robert Swindells presents life in The streets of London Essay Im invisible see? One of the invisible people. Link, a young 16 year old boy from Bradford who is homeless, desperate to escape his Brutish stepfather feels that he has become an invisible outcast. Another quotation to support this is when Link says, They dont like reminding I exist. Link says this to show the reader that he is worthless uses this type of language to make the reader more aware of how difficult it is to live on the streets of London. Links character in the book also emphasises a feeling of coldness. An example of this is shown when link says, Also I kept seeing people I knew Neighbours. Guys Id even been at school with. I even saw one of my teachers once. And if you have ever been caught begging by someone who you knew before, you cant possibly know how low it makes you feel This also makes the reader think that Link has a very lo self esteem and is very depressed. Another quotation to support this is when Link says, I was one of them now poised at the top of that downward spiral. Kink says this making the reader understand how hard it is to be living on the streets. Shelter, the less predominant character in the novel, who is trying to rid the streets of homeless people uses subject specific Lexis to show the reader that he has a background in the army or has worked for the army. This is shown to the reader as Shelter always starts his chapters with, Daily routine orders. Link uses sarcasm to emphasise a point, for example, Good old Vince. After Describing Vince as a Brutish, evil stepfather who is a boozer and a bastard, Link says, Good old Vince. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to create an irony. At the beginning of page three Link mentions, Born March 20th 1977 to Mr Mrs X. Link says this to show the reader that he has forgotten the past and wants to get on with life. The main quotation to support and emphasise this is, Mr Mrs X. Another statement to support this is when Link says, I strode out of the station with my backpack and bedroll, and it felt like a new beginning. This also shows the reader that link was positive life would improve from what it was with Vince. Another quotation to support this is Nobody knows you. Where youre from and whats gone before. Thats youre business. One other quotation to support this is when Link chooses the name to give to Ginger he says, Link I said. Id seen it on this signpost earlier. Thames Link. Its a railway. Robert Swindells also uses various techniques to make living on the streets look very hard and scary. The reader is informed of this when Link says, Sad is what it is, Sad and scary. Youre leaving a place you know and heading into the unknown with nothing to protect you. This also informs the reader that this novel appears to be tragedy in many respects. Link feels very depressed after applying for many jobs in London and not getting any because he was homeless and was looking rough and scruffy, also looking like a tramp because of sleeping in the same clothes on the solid concrete floor. When Link started living on the streets of London he thought he was a hard boy who everyone would be terrified of after hitting an old bloke but his hopes were soon dashed after he was kicked out of his bedroom by the streetwise, tough person he wanted to be. An example of this is shown to us when Link mentions, this guy was what I was kidding myself Id become. Robert Swindells uses Shelters storyline as a very good way in which to present living on the streets of London. As Shelter goes around London looking for young and old people, whenever Shelter says, Hostel he always manages to get them to his house so that he can kill them. This shows the reader that homeless people are desperate for somewhere comfortable to sleep at. An example of this is when Shelter gets his first client, That got him hostelhe fell for it hook line and sinker. On page twenty-one Shelter also says, I am not a murderer at all Im a Soldier out of uniform, killing for his country. After killing a homeless person shelter mentions to the reader that he is not a murderer but a soldier killing for his country. This statement is not true as Shelter has murdered people who have done nothing to him and his country. Shelter thinks he is doing a good thing and is particularly careful about every step he takes. The author, Robert Swindells uses this to create an irony. As the reader gets deeper and deeper into the book, they start to grasp knowledge of Shelters storyline and start to know the feeling of how it is to be homeless and the different setbacks and failures it may have. The reader also learns not to stereotype homeless people.

My Experience with Domestic Violence Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay

I would shut my eyes because I knew what was coming. And before I shut my eyes, I held my breath, like a swimmer ready to dive into a deep ocean. I could never watch when his hands came toward me; I only patiently waited for the harsh sound of the strike. I would always remember his eyes right before I closed my own: pupils wide with rage, cold, and dark eyebrows clenched with hate. When it finally came, I never knew which fist hit me first, or which blow sent me to my knees because I could not bring myself to open my eyes. They were closed because I didn’t want to see what he had promised he would never do again. In the darkness of my mind, I could escape to a paradise where he would never reach me. I would find again the haven where I kept my hopes, dreams, and childhood memories. His words could not devour me there, and his violence could not poison my soul because I was in my own world, away from this reality. When it was all over, and the only thing left were bruises, tea rs, and bleeding flesh, I felt a relief run through my body. It was so predictable. For there was no more need to recede, only to recover. There was no more reason to be afraid; it was over. He would feel sorry for me, promise that it would never happen again, hold me, and say how much he loved me. This was the end of the pain, not the beginning, and I believed that everything would be all right. Like so many innocent, selfless girls, untouched by the world, I forgave him. The pain dispersing through my body reminded me that I was strong and all I needed to do was heal. I would cry without tears at first, the sadness inside me so intense, that the hollowness in my heart would weigh me down. My heart’s deep hollowness was so immense, that the loudest shrie... ...e helped me overcome the obstacle of domestic violence. My will and motivation was to get an education, better myself, and become a strong and intelligent woman. I choose to view this unfortunate situation as a learning experience because I am stronger now and I will never go backwards. Something that I have learned after overcoming this battle is that life is very unpredictable and it is up to the individual to rise above and choose the right path. This excerpt from the poem â€Å"Recovery† by Maya Angelou has given me encouragement and inspiration to move on with my life and become the best person that I can be: â€Å"A last love, proper in conclusion, should snip the wings forbidding further flight. But I now reft of that confusion, am lifted up and speeding towards the light.† I live by these words everyday because they motivate me to succeed and overcome the impossible. My Experience with Domestic Violence Essay -- Personal Narrative Essay I would shut my eyes because I knew what was coming. And before I shut my eyes, I held my breath, like a swimmer ready to dive into a deep ocean. I could never watch when his hands came toward me; I only patiently waited for the harsh sound of the strike. I would always remember his eyes right before I closed my own: pupils wide with rage, cold, and dark eyebrows clenched with hate. When it finally came, I never knew which fist hit me first, or which blow sent me to my knees because I could not bring myself to open my eyes. They were closed because I didn’t want to see what he had promised he would never do again. In the darkness of my mind, I could escape to a paradise where he would never reach me. I would find again the haven where I kept my hopes, dreams, and childhood memories. His words could not devour me there, and his violence could not poison my soul because I was in my own world, away from this reality. When it was all over, and the only thing left were bruises, tea rs, and bleeding flesh, I felt a relief run through my body. It was so predictable. For there was no more need to recede, only to recover. There was no more reason to be afraid; it was over. He would feel sorry for me, promise that it would never happen again, hold me, and say how much he loved me. This was the end of the pain, not the beginning, and I believed that everything would be all right. Like so many innocent, selfless girls, untouched by the world, I forgave him. The pain dispersing through my body reminded me that I was strong and all I needed to do was heal. I would cry without tears at first, the sadness inside me so intense, that the hollowness in my heart would weigh me down. My heart’s deep hollowness was so immense, that the loudest shrie... ...e helped me overcome the obstacle of domestic violence. My will and motivation was to get an education, better myself, and become a strong and intelligent woman. I choose to view this unfortunate situation as a learning experience because I am stronger now and I will never go backwards. Something that I have learned after overcoming this battle is that life is very unpredictable and it is up to the individual to rise above and choose the right path. This excerpt from the poem â€Å"Recovery† by Maya Angelou has given me encouragement and inspiration to move on with my life and become the best person that I can be: â€Å"A last love, proper in conclusion, should snip the wings forbidding further flight. But I now reft of that confusion, am lifted up and speeding towards the light.† I live by these words everyday because they motivate me to succeed and overcome the impossible.

Mis †Walmart Essay

INTRODUCTION A Management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides information needed to manage organizations effectively. Management information system gives the business managers the information that they need to make decisions. Early business computers were used for simple operations such as tracking inventory, billing, sales, or payroll data, with little detail or structure but now days it has been replaced by the advanced techniques like ERP, EPM, SCM and SAP. Management information systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization. HISTORY OF WALLMART Sam Walton who is a businessman from ARKANASAS, begin his carrier with retail industry and started working on June 3, 1940. On July 2 1962 he opened first walmart discount city store located in ARKANASAS. Walmart is one of the most technically advanced companies in the world and reason behind this is availability of accurate and up to date information which intern a basis of its growth in the market. And for collecting the accurate information on time it is necessary that management should continuously review the information, which is possible only by an integrated management system. Walmart became one of the first companies in retail sector to use MIS. MIS IN DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS OF THE ORGANISATION: 1.OPERATIONS: In the world of retailing, Wal-Mart has what is considered to be the most sophisticated distribution system called Retail Link. This system connects each store with headquarters and over 2,000 suppliers so that they will never run out of or have too much inventory. Wal-Mart turns over their inventory more than any other retail store. The current challenge exists with supplying their overseas stores, especially while this is the area that they are concentrating on growing. In order to become more efficient overseas, Wal-Mart has started is on Customs Brokering division to take care of its global procurement, which saves them brokering and freight forwarding fees, and also gives them more control. They have also started to â€Å"request† strongly that their suppliers also be physically located in the countries where Wal-Mart is to better supply them. Procurement of material Walmart is a bulk purchaser and they follow centralised purchased system, so the company directly procure the materials from manufacturers thus eliminating all the intermediaries and middlemen. This is essential to reduce the cost and offer best pricing. They first find out the potential supplier and then after getting prices from everyone the will decide finally according to the cost structure of the offer. For efficiently managing this information wall mart uses EDI model(electronic data interchange) it is basically a computer based system of walmart in this system the computers of suppliers and vendors are connected with walmart. EDI enables supplier to download purchase order along with store to store sales information related to their product like no of product sold, no. of product received. As supplier receives the information about sales of various products, the supplier shipped the required goods to different walmart distribution centres. Basically it is a high speed integrat ion system between supplier and walmart and which is very helpful in making the process fast and efficient. Transportation A company owned transportation system also assists Wal-Martin shipping goods from warehouse to store in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition.Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computer system in the private sector. It uses a MPP (massively parallel processor) computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market .Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated visits advanced satellite communications system. MPP is basically used to track the movement of goods and stock level and information for this is transmitted through advanced satellite communication system. So when the information about movement of goods is transmitted it automatically generate the information and pass it on to transportation department and from there the logistic facility is ensured. Inventory management Wal-Mart invested heavily in IT & communication system to effectively track sales and merchandise inventories in stores across all the outlets in the country. For this company needs to have excellent communication system. And Walmart is using the technique of PRETTY DARN QUICK DISPLAY (PDQ) TECHNIQUE. In this technique the company asked its suppliers to ship goods inshore-ready displays called pretty darn quick (PDQ) displays.Goods were packed in PDQ displays that arrived at the stores ready to be boarded on the racks.WalMart’s employees could directly replace the empty racks at the stores with fully packed racks, instead of refilling each and every item at the racks. HUB AND SPOK SYSTEM – in the early1970s, Wal-Mart became one of the first retailing companies in the world to centralize its distribution system, pioneering the retail hub-andspoke system. Under the system, goods were centrally ordered, assembled at a massive warehouse, known as distribution centre · (hub), from where they were dispatched to the individual stores (spoke). The hub and spoke system enabled Wal-Mart to achieve significant cost advantages by the centralized purchasing of goods in huge quantities. And also the used of RFID technology (radio frequency identification) this technique is used to replace the bar coding technique and increase the efficiency of employees because with this employees are no longer requires to physically scan the bar code thus it improve efficiency and reduce the stock outs. Reordering Wal-Mart built an automated reordering system linking computers between Procter & Gamble (â€Å"P&G†) and its stores and distribution centres. The computer system sends a signal from a store to P&G identifying an item low in stock. It then sends a resupply order, via satellite, to the nearest P&G factory, which then ships the item to a Wal-Mart distribution centre or directly to the store. This interaction between Wal-Mart and P&G is a win-win proposition because with better coordination, P&G can lower its costs and pass some of the savings on to Wal-Mart. Thus walmart is efficiently using the MIS to achieve efficiency and cost minimization. 2. MARKETING FUNCTION (MIS) Marketing activities are directed toward planning, promoting, and selling goods and services to satisfy the needs of customers and the objectives of the organization. Marketing information systems support decision making regarding the marketing mix. These include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Product Price Place Promotion Sources of Data and Information for Marketing: Boundary-Spanning and Transaction Processing Subsystems A marketing information system relies on external information to a far greater degree than other organizational information systems. It includes two subsystems designed for boundary spanning – bringing into the firm data and information about the marketplace. The objective of marketing research is to collect data on the actual customers and the potential customers, known as prospects. The identification of the needs of the customer is a fundamental starting point for total quality management (TQM). Electronic commerce on the WEB makes it easy to compile statistics on actual buyer behaviour. Marketing research software supports statistical analysis of data. It enables the firm to correlate buyer behaviour with very detailed geographic variables, demographic variables, and psychographic variables. Marketing (competitive) intelligence is responsible for the gathering and interpretation of data regarding the firm’s competitors, and for the dissemination of the competitive information to the appropriate users. Most of the competitor information comes from corporate annual reports, media-tracking services, and from reports purchased from external providers, including on-line database services. The Internet has become a major source of competitive intelligence. Marketing Mix Subsystems The marketing mix subsystems support decision making regarding product introduction, pricing, promotion (advertising and personal selling), and distribution. These decisions are integrated into the sales forecast and marketing plans against which the ongoing sales results are compared. Product Subsystem The product subsystem helps to plan the introduction of new products. Continually bringing new products to market is vital in today’s competitive environment of rapid change. Although decisions regarding the introduction of new products are unstructured, information systems support this process in several ways: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Professional support systems assist designers in their knowledge work DSSs are used to evaluate proposed new products With a DSS, a marketing manager can score the desirability of a new product. Electronic meeting systems help bring the expertise of people dispersed in space and time to bear on the problem Information derived from marketing intelligence and research is vital in evaluating new product ideas. Place Subsystem The place subsystem assists the decision makers in making the product available to the customer at the right place at the right time. The place subsystem helps plan the distribution channels for the product and track their performance. The use of information technology has dramatically increased the availability of information on product movement in the distribution channel. Promotion Subsystem The promotion subsystem is often the most elaborate in the marketing information system, since it supports both personal selling and advertising. Media selection packages assist in selecting a mix of avenues to persuade the potential purchaser, including direct mail, television, print media, and the electronic media such as the Internet and the WEB in particular. The effectiveness of the selected media mix is monitored and its composition is continually adjusted. Database marketing relies on the accumulation and use of extensive databases to segment potential customers and reach team with personalized promotional information. The role of telemarketing, marketing over the telephone, has increased. Telemarketing calls are well supported by information technology. Sales management is thoroughly supported with information technology. Customer profitability analysis helps identify high-profit and high-growth customers and target marketing efforts in order to retain and develop these accou nts. Sales force automation involves equipping salespeople with portable computers tied into the corporate information systems. This gives the salespeople instantaneous access to information and frees them from the reporting paperwork. This increases selling time and the level of performance. Access to corporate databases is sometimes accompanied by access to corporate expertise; either by being able to contact the experts or by using expert systems that help specifies the product meeting customer requirements. Price Subsystem Pricing decisions find a degree of support from DSSs and access to databases that contain industry prices. These highly unstructured decisions are made in pursuit of the companies pricing objectives. General strategies range from profit maximization to forgoing a part of the profit in order to increase a market share. Information systems provide an opportunity to finely segment customer groups, and charge different prices depending on the combination of products and services provided, as well as the circumstances of the sale transaction. Sales Forecasting Based on the planned marketing mix and outstanding orders, sales are forecast and a full marketing plan is developed. Sale forecasting is an area where any quantitative methods employed must be tempered with human insight and experience. The actual sales will depend to a large degree on the dynamics of the environment. Qualitative techniques are generally used for environmental forecasting – an attempt to predict the social, economic, legal, and technological environment in which the company will try to realize its plans. Sales forecasting uses numerous techniques, which include: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · Group decision making techniques are used to elicit broad expert opinion Scenario analysis in which each scenario in this process is a plausible future environment Extrapolation of trends and cycles through a time-series analysis. 3.FINANCE For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2011, Wal-Mart reported a net income of $15.4 billion on $422 billion of revenue with a 24.7 percent gross profit margin. The corporation’s international operations accounted for $109.2 billion, or 26.1 percent, of total sales. It is the world’s 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000 list, and the largest public corporation when ranked by revenue. Walmart on an average hire about 10000 employees every year and on opening every single store Walmart employees 300 new employees. Their main source of funds is there sales and basic expenditure goes on building new stores and employees salary. Job Hierarchy at Wal-Mart Human Resources Wal-Mart is the largest non-government employer in the world. They realize that turnover is high in retail, but that their associates are one of their most important assets. Their written policy regarding associates is as follows: â€Å"they are encouraged to maintain the highest standards of honesty, morality, and business ethics†. In order to become a Wal-Mart associate, candidates must take a multiple-choice test and select what are considered the appropriate â€Å"Wal-Mart† responses in order to be hired. Due to the fact that Wal-Mart strives to keep their costs low, they do not offer high wages. They exist on many part-time and temporary workers, do not offer these employees benefits, and do not pay their employees enough to live on. Wal-Mart has a 20-30% cost advantage over competition, as their labor is not unionized. Besides facing current litigation for not paying employees for overtime there are and have been several cases regarding discrimination on the basis of gender (female) that females are often not hired or promoted to be managers.

Recruiting, Hiring, Evaluating, and Compensating Essay

Conducting my research for this class project, I have learned that conducting a thorough job analysis is an important step in filling a job opening as well as contributing to the successful growth of an organization in terms of finances and talented workers. A job analysis should be conducted to gather information about the responsibilities, duties, skills of a particular job. In addition, it can include information about the work environment and desired education and experience. There are several ways to conduct a job analysis including using the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), using an analysis questionnaire, observation and interviewing. While doing my research there are other informal ways to conduct a job analysis and it depends on the amount of time and resources allowed and the type of job position. Conducting a job analysis is important because it makes sure that the job description is accurate while being in compliance with legal and professional guidelines. It als o helps the selection process be more smooth and makes sure that the right candidate(s) is selected (David, 2011). High performers should be included as well as senior level managers and direct supervisors and anyone with critical knowledge about the job. The analysis can take anywhere from a few weeks to three months if you use a systematic process to make the analysis run quickly and efficiently (Chao, 2012). HR professionals have a responsibility to make sure that they hire productive, talented workers because this adds value to their organization and will help to make the organization prosper in the future (Chao, 2012). For this project I used the observation method as well as researching current Human Resource Receptionist and Human Resource Assistant job openings. I found that the two titles had a lot of the same tasks, skills and requirements, however, from the job openings that included the salary the Human Resource Assistant position was more ($13.00) than the Human Resource Receptionist position ($11.00). My explanation for the difference in pay is that the assistant position seemed to focus more on the administrative function of an HR department, whereas the receptionist position seemed to focus more on front office skills such as copying, faxing, answering phone lines, etc. I also found it interesting that most of the job openings required that the candidate have a college degree, but the pay is about the same as similar jobs that only required a high school diploma or some college coursework. Because of the economy and its effect on the job market, it seems as though  a lot of companies in the Nashville, TN are not really competitive when it comes to pay. Employers know that their is an abundance of highly qualified workers and HR should consider hiring new workers as well as developing their current staff (Chao, 2012), however since pay is a determining factor in job satisfaction, companies should make sure that the pay is competitive. After you have chosen candidates to interview for the open position, it is important that you stay compliant. Being unfamiliar with your policies and procedures can come off as being uncaring and negligent. In addition, it is important to document not only who you hired but who you did not hire; documenting why you did not hire someone can be an important step if your organization is ever accused of not being compliant (10 HR mistakes your employee’s lawyer will try to exploit, 2012).

Egypt&Mexican Pyramids Essays - Architectural Styles, Egyptology

Egypt&Mexican Pyramids Essays - Architectural Styles, Egyptology Egypt&Mexican Pyramids Mysteries of the Ancient World For many centuries people have been fascinated by ancient cultures and treasures. During the last two centuries the science of archeology and modern inventions allowed people to get inside of the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and discover the treasures of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. Most of what we know about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. Thanks to Egyptian belief in the afterlife we can now find out about the civilization that existed nearly five thousand years ago. Egyptian culture is not the only culture that left us its heritage in pyramids. In America we find pyramids build by civilizations of Olmec and Maya about 7th century CE. These pyramids had different purposes and usage then the ones in Egypt but they stand as memorials to ancient civilizations as well. Egyptian people believed in life after death. One of the way pharaohs prepared themselves for the afterlife journey was by building a pyramid and putting there all their belongings and riches. Egyptian people believed that pharaoh is the closest person to the God and treated him accordingly. That is the reason for Egyptian tombs being full with the golden jewelry, precious stones and art objects. Most of the time art objects were not considered a treasury but they played their particular role in religious rituals. Jars were holding food and drinks for pharaohs journey, so he would not get hungry and would have food and drinks to offer to the Gods. The figurative sculptures were suppose to accompany Ka ( spiritual entity) in its lonely stay or serve as a twin for the mummy. If something happens to the mummy the ka could use the sculpture of the pharaoh for the revelation. As well as for Egyptians religion was an everyday concern for many of the Maya, whether the dynastic ruler, the zealous priest, or the humble believer. Maya has an extensive religion structure which we can not know in details. Chac and Itzamna are the most famous gods of Mayan culture. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are among the most interesting mythical characters. One of the most crucial gods was Tlaloc, who was worshiped in various guises by the culture of Teotihuacan, the Toltec of Tula, and later Aztecs. The Maya received the cult of Tlaloc during the 4th century more or less. The Cauac Monster, also known as the Witz monster, is a dominant supernatural concept in Maya religion, as are caves, cenotes, and other holy places (Maya Civilization pars. 6). The Maya built shrines, temples, and pyramids in honor of their gods, as well as to their kings, who ruled by all-encompassing concept of Divine power. Most of Mayan pyramids are temples to the gods, not the burial tombs as in Egypt. Even though Maya sometimes buried there their rulers they always put the temple on the top of the pyramid. Egyptians had temples near the pyramid or right next to it for the ceremonial services, but it never was placed on top of the structure. Also buildings in both cultures have a lot in common in their visual characteristics they are different structures. Egyptian pyramids originally had smooth equal sides meeting on the top in the perfect apex. Mayan pyramids look like one huge stairway towards the sky. It reminds of earliest Egyptian structures-mastabas, where one layer of stones was put onto another creating the effect of pyramid. Also The Tikal Temple on Great Plaza was originally plastered white. Then the roof comb was painted with reds, blues, and other colors to accent the different areas of sculptural decoration. These roof combs were like giant billboards, with immense portrayals of the enthroned king, larger then life size (Cities pars.3). Egyptians never colored their religious structures. As well as in Egyptian pyramids, the stone used to construct Mayan pyramids is local limestone, obtained from nearby quarries. The ancient Maya had no stone tools but limestone is soft enough that the Maya could utilize cher t tools to work the stone in to neat rectangular building blocks. Egyptian pyramids served as huge tombs and they were constructed in such a way so they would stand for thousand years. Egyptians did not know when the spirit would

Helping Autistic Students Shine in Mainstream Classroom

Helping Autistic Students Shine in Mainstream Classroom A type of neurodevelopmental disorder, autism delayed an affected child’s cognitive and language development by altering how nerve cells and their synapses (a structure that allows nerve cell to communicate with another cell) interact and organized. Delayed development in autistic children often results in other later life difficulties such as poor social and learning  skills. The Impact of Delayed Cognitive and Language Development in Learning Autism in children commonly occurs before the age of 3 and its common symptoms include child’s gradual withdrawal from social relations, deteriorating verbal skills, and repetitive stereotypical behaviors such as head-banging, spinning, rocking, hand-flapping, and so on. However, results of a recent study suggest the frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and infections among children are also symptoms of autism. Autistic school aged children are rarely placed in traditional classrooms due to their poor social skills and anxieties over a large group of people. Moreover, since autism has a profound effect on thinking and learning ability, they usually attend special classes and taught with teaching methods designed for specific impairments caused by the autistic disorder. However, teaching children with autism outside mainstream school classroom, according to study, does not resolve their difficulties in socialization, communication, thinking, and behavior. In fact, this type of arrangement deprived them opportunities to communicate, relate ideas, build social relationships, and cope with different social situations. Moreover, although most children with autism are not interested or appreciate social contacts, teaching strategies must remain socially oriented and instead of tolerating unhelpful attitude and behaviors provide opportunities for interaction and social skills development. You may also like these articles: Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds The Contribution of Academic Institutions in Childrens Well-Being Developing Students Creativity and Self-Expression through Crayons Learning Moral Values in College Movies Single-Parent Children Behavior Providing Opportunities for Communication, Interaction, and Confidence Building It is important to remember that socialization; communication, thinking and behavior are the most common difficulties experienced by students with autism thus teaching strategies should resolve all these issues simultaneously. Special classes, for example, satisfy autistic students’ need for isolation rather than identifying causes and reducing difficulty in developing a social relationship, encouraging communication and promoting positive thinking and behavior. Students in mainstream school classrooms have different perceptions in life but we should dwell on the reality that humans are passionate about sharing and often find fulfillment in helping others in need. Since most students with autism, regardless of teaching methods and classroom category, consistently need the support of those who care and understand their needs, teachers may find encouraging non-autistic and kindhearted students to help their less able peers beneficial in terms of social and cognitive skills development. For example, the perception and attitude of students with interaction problem may be improved by their peers interest and enthusiasm to interact with others. Similarly, since most children with autism disorder avoid social interaction due to lack of social skills and knowledge on how to make friends, behave in different situation, interpret peers’ expression and intent, and comply with social rules, a classroom filled with interacting, enthusiastic and cooperative students can deliver helpful social cues that they can put into practice when similar situation comes their away in the future. Inclusion education for students with autism can provide the opportunity to learn alongside peers in mainstream schools. It can deliver positive social cues that people with disabilities are not singled out or considered different in our society. It can help gradually develop a sense of community among autistic students, eliminate anxiety over a lack of social skills, increase enthusiasm for learning, and later shine through class performance and achievements.

Importance of managing the psychological contract and the challenges Essay

Importance of managing the psychological contract and the challenges associated with it - Essay Example The term ‘psychological contract’ thus refers to expectations within a relationship, and the manner in which these expectations transform, affecting one’s behaviour over a period. The term has gained recent popularity, and it is used for delineating mutual expectations between an organisation and its employees. Psychological contract, which is a form of unwritten agreement between an organisation and the employees, is fast changing its form after the 1990 and 2007 economic crises. Short-term and contractual employment is increasingly gaining more popularity within organizations, owing to which psychological contract, which is related to the concept of self-actualisation, is gaining significance amongst employees. This transformation in the nature of psychological contract has various ramifications on the employers that look for motivation among to its employees to achieve all organizations goals. This essay explores the concept of psychological contract and its ma nagement within current times, and the various challenges associated with it.... These interpretations influence employee behaviour, by changing the understanding of what is meant by psychological contract for each individual employee (fig 1). Business strategies (implementation and resources) HRM (interpretation) Psychological contracts Fig 1: Link between business strategies of an organisation, its HR practices and psychological contract (Rousseau and Wade-Benzoni, 1994: 464). Defining the term ‘psychological contract’ Argyris (1960) first used the term psychological contract in order to delineate the subjective nature of an employer-employee relationship first used the term psychological contract. Rousseau (1990) suggested that a psychological contract refers to the mutual understandings, oral or written, concerning the commitments between employees and an organisation. From an operational perspective, psychological contracts perform two functions: they give the organisations an idea of results to be expected from their employees; They predict the gains that employees will receive in return for their time and effort invested in a firm. The relationship that comprises of mutual exchanges between an employer and his employees vary from being legal to psychological (Spindler, 1994). Agreements, laws, or a contract signed by the employee (containing details such as salary, working hours, benefits, etc.,) often frame this mutual relationship. Besides these, however, often an employment relationship is defined by what is known as the ‘subconscious’ (Spindler, 1994). In this context, a psychological contract refers to the ideology that creates a framework for comprehending the ‘subconscious’ relationship, or the ‘hidden’ arenas within an employment relationship (Shore and Tetrick, 1994). A

Coursework on Employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Coursework on Employment - Essay Example An employment agreement can also confirm the status of employment. 3 This may at will or at a specified term, length of term of employment. The employer can clearly define the minimum commitments and obligations for both the employer and employee and , if the agreement is well drafted, this can minimize disputes based upon the termination of the employment relationship by clearly setting forth the terms under which the employer and employee may separate. Under the law employers are required to give their employees a written statement with regards to the details relating to the contract of employment. 4 However, the law does not prescribe the actual substantive content of the terms of employment as long as it does not divert from the objective of the law. It is stipulated that what is actually required is that the particulars can be set out in a formal contract or written statement. It must indicate the particulars in a single document but cross-reference can be made to other documents in respect to sickness and pensions entitlements and disciplinary and grievance procedures. These documents should be easily accessible such as in a employee handbook and pension rulebook. The data that must be indicated in the written contract of employment must include the name of the employer and employee, the date when the employment is to commence, the rate of renumeration, the schedule at which the renumeration is to be paid, terms and conditions relating _____________________ 3 Black's Law Dictionary 75 (8th Ed. 2004) 4 Employment Rights Act 1996 (c. 18), part 1, Employment Particulars, Right to Statements of Employment Particulars Serapio 3 to hours of work, holidays, holiday pay, sick pay, pension schemes, notice entitlements, job title, term of employment, place of work, details of disciplinary and grievance procedures and details of any collective agreements which affect the terms and conditions of the employment. Subsequently, the written agreement contract must be given not later than two months after the beginning of the employee's employment and any changes thereat must be relevant to the matters which must be confirmed to the employee by way of a written notice to be given at the